What does foot water (4°C) measure?

It measures the hydrostatic pressure exerted by a 1-foot column of pure water at 4°C, used to express low pressures or hydraulic head.

Where is kilogram-force per square millimeter commonly used?

It is used for reporting tensile or yield strengths in materials testing and specifying contact stresses in mechanical components.

Can I use this tool for fluids other than water?

The foot water unit specifically refers to water at 4°C; using it for other fluids may lead to inaccurate pressure values.

Convert Foot Water (4°C) [ftAq] to Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter Pressure Units

Learn how to convert pressure values from foot water (4°C) to kilogram-force per square millimeter using this straightforward online unit converter designed for hydraulic, mechanical, and materials engineering applications.

Foot water (4°C) [ftAq]

Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter

Please check your input. It must be a valid numeric value.

Foot water (4°C) [ftAq] to Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter Conversion Table

Foot water (4°C) [ftAq]	Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter

Custom Unit Conversion Table Generator – Instant Printable Conversion Tables

Start Value

Enter the starting number (positive decimal or integer ≥ 0). Example: 0.1, 1, 5.

End Value

Enter the ending number (positive decimal or integer > Start Value). Example: 10, 50, 100.

Interval

Enter the step size (positive decimal > 0 and < End Value – Start Value). Example: 1.0, 2.5.

Foot water (4°C) [ftAq] to Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter Conversion Table
Foot water (4°C) [ftAq]	Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter

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What Is This Tool?

This tool converts pressure from foot water (4°C), representing hydrostatic pressure at a specific water temperature, into kilogram-force per square millimeter, a unit commonly applied in materials testing and mechanical engineering.

How to Use This Tool?

Enter the pressure value in foot water (4°C)
Select foot water (4°C) as the input unit and kilogram-force/sq. millimeter as the output unit
Click the convert button to obtain the equivalent pressure value
Review conversion results expressed in kilogram-force per square millimeter
Use the examples as a guide to verify your conversions

Key Features

Converts pressure values accurately between foot water (4°C) and kilogram-force/sq. millimeter
Supports unit definitions used in hydraulic engineering and materials science
Browser-based and easy to use with quick results
Includes practical examples for better understanding
Bridges fluid pressure measurements with material stress units

Examples

5 Foot water (4°C) equals 0.001523956 Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter
10 Foot water (4°C) equals 0.003047911 Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter

Common Use Cases

Specifying hydraulic head and low pressures in water distribution systems
Interpreting gauge or manometer readings in laboratory or HVAC settings
Conducting groundwater and well pressure-depth measurements
Reporting tensile or yield strengths in materials testing
Specifying contact stresses in mechanical components such as bearings and fasteners

Tips & Best Practices

Ensure water temperature is close to 4°C for accurate foot water pressure meaning
Confirm units before converting to maintain dimensional consistency
Use this converter to relate fluid pressures with material stress scenarios
Refer to examples to better understand the scale of converted pressures
Be mindful that kilogram-force/sq. millimeter is a non-SI unit still common in certain engineering fields

Limitations

Foot water assumes pure water at 4°C; deviations affect accuracy
Kilogram-force/sq. millimeter is not an SI unit and less used in modern scientific applications
Conversion precision depends on the exactness of input values and unit context

Frequently Asked Questions

What does foot water (4°C) measure?: It measures the hydrostatic pressure exerted by a 1-foot column of pure water at 4°C, used to express low pressures or hydraulic head.
Where is kilogram-force per square millimeter commonly used?: It is used for reporting tensile or yield strengths in materials testing and specifying contact stresses in mechanical components.
Can I use this tool for fluids other than water?: The foot water unit specifically refers to water at 4°C; using it for other fluids may lead to inaccurate pressure values.

Key Terminology

Foot water (4°C) [ftAq]: A unit of pressure equal to the hydrostatic pressure from a 1-foot column of pure water at 4°C, used for low-pressure or hydraulic head measurements.
Kilogram-force per square millimeter (kgf/mm²): A non-SI gravitational unit of pressure representing one kilogram-force applied to an area of one square millimeter, used in materials testing and mechanical engineering.
Hydraulic Head: The height of a column of water that corresponds to a particular pressure exerted by the water column.

Quick Knowledge Check

What is foot water (4°C) primarily used to express?

High air pressure in engines

Low hydrostatic pressures or hydraulic head

Electrical resistance in water

The kilogram-force/sq. millimeter unit is mainly associated with?

Hydraulic head measurements

Material strength and mechanical stresses

Temperature measurement in fluids

Which temperature is assumed for the density of water in foot water (4°C)?

0°C

4°C

25°C

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