What Is This Tool?
This tool allows you to convert luminous intensity values from lumen per steradian (lm/sr) to the obsolete German candle (c (German)). It supports the interpretation of historical lighting data and facilitates comparisons with modern measurements.
How to Use This Tool?
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Enter the luminous intensity value in lumen per steradian (lm/sr).
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Select the target unit as candle (German) [c (German)].
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Click the convert button to view the equivalent value.
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Use the result to compare or interpret historical and modern lighting data.
Key Features
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Convert luminous intensity units between lumen/steradian and the German candle accurately.
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Supports interpretation of historical lighting specifications.
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Easy to use with clear unit definitions and example conversions.
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Ideal for restoration, archival research, and photometric analysis.
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Browser-based tool accessible without installation.
Examples
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10 lm/sr converts to 9.5 c (German).
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5 lm/sr converts to 4.75 c (German).
Common Use Cases
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Specifying the directional luminous intensity of LEDs, indicator lamps, and flashlights.
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Comparing beam intensity patterns of vehicle headlights and streetlights during photometric testing.
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Interpreting and converting 19th–early 20th-century German lighting measurements.
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Restoration and documentation of antique lamps and vintage lighting equipment.
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Calibrating devices that measure luminous flux per unit solid angle.
Tips & Best Practices
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Verify the historical source of luminous intensity values before conversion.
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Use this tool to assist with archival research and museum documentation.
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Compare results with modern candela measurements for greater precision.
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Remember that the German candle is an obsolete unit and may have slight variations.
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Use modern SI units like candela or lumen/steradian for current lighting measurements.
Limitations
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The candle (German) is an outdated unit no longer in standard use.
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It may vary slightly due to historical calibration and definition differences.
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Modern photometry prefers standardized SI units such as candela and lumen/steradian.
Frequently Asked Questions
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What does 1 lumen per steradian represent?
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It specifies luminous intensity as the luminous flux emitted per unit solid angle and is numerically equal to one candela.
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Why convert lumen/steradian to the German candle?
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To interpret and compare historical luminous intensity data documented in German candles with modern measurements.
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Is the candle (German) unit still in use?
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No, it is an obsolete unit replaced by the SI candela, but it remains relevant for historical data and restoration work.
Key Terminology
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Lumen/steradian [lm/sr]
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A unit measuring luminous intensity that represents luminous flux per unit solid angle and equals one candela.
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Candle (German) [c (German)]
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An old German unit of luminous intensity based on a standard flame, now replaced by the candela.
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Luminous intensity
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The amount of visible light power emitted in a particular direction per unit solid angle.